( On the Architectural Magazine " at " 1993 -94 )
( On the Architectural Magazine " at " 1993 -94 )
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________QQ______NORTHERN INDIA |
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________Q__Q____SOUTHERN INDIA |
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________QQ______RANAKPUR |
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________QQ______SOURTHERN INDIA |
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________QQ______KALPA SUTRA |
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| JAINISM vs. BUDDHISM |
| JAINISM | BUDDHISM | |||
| Founder | Kâsapa Vardhamâna | Gotama Siddhârtha | ||
| Honorific name | Mahâvîra (Great Hero), Nigantha Nâtaputta, Jina |
Buddha, Sâkyamuni, Sâkyaputta | ||
| Life | BCE. 599-527, BCE. 598-526 (traditional) BCE. 549-477, BCE. 539-467, BCE. 444-372 (modern) (Died at the age of 72) |
BCE. 563-483, BCE. 463-383 (northern) BCE. 623-543 (southern) | ||
| Birth place | Kundagrâma town North of Vaishâli in Magadha |
Lumbini Garden (under an ashoka tree) in Kapilavastu | ||
| Native class | Kshatriya (Warrior class), Jnatri clan |
Kshatrya (Warrior class), Shakya clan | ||
| Parents | Kâshapa Siddhârtha
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Shuddhodana Mâyâ (died 7days after the birth) | ||
| Marriage | Married Kaundinuya Yashoda Daughter: Anojjah (married Jamali) |
Married Yashodarâ at the age of 16 Son: Râhula | ||
| Renunciation | Become a shramana of Nigantha, at the age of 30 |
Become a shramana in Maghada, at the age of 29 | ||
| Enlightenment | After 12 years of asceticism, became Jina | After 6 years of penance and meditation, became Buddha | ||
| Place of enlightenment | Under a Shala tree, by the river Rijupâlikâ, near Jrimbhikagrâma village |
Under an Ashvattha (Bodhi) tree, by the river Nairanjanâ, near Gayâ | ||
| Place of the first sermon |
Sârnâth (Migadâya, Deer Park) | |||
| Epistemology | Seven satyas (jiva, ajiva, âsrava, bandha, samvara, nirjarâ, moksha) Syâdvâda (Relativism) |
Four satyas (dukha-satya, samudaya-satya, nirodha-satya, marga-satya) | ||
| Practice | Asceticism Ahimsâ (non violence) Triratna (Samyagdarsana, Samyagjnana, Samyakcâritra) |
Madhyamâ Pratipad (middle path) Madyana Pratipad (eight right paths) | ||
| Five vows | Non violence, not lying, not stealing, non illicit sex, non posession | Non violence, not lying, not stealing, non illicit sex, temperance | ||
| Place of Nirvâna | Pâwâ near Nâlandâ (now Pâwâpuri) | Kushinagara (now Kasia), under Shala trees | ||
| Main disciples | Indrabhûti Gautama, Sudharman | Sâriputta, Mahâmoggallana | ||
| Order | Sangha | |||
| Sacred books | Siddhânta (Âgama) | Tripitaka (Triple Basket) | ||
| Sacred language | Ardha-Magadhi | Pâli | ||
| Principle of teaching | "Tattvârthâdhigamasûtra" | |||
| Story of former life | "Bhavisattakahâ" | "Jâtaka" (Birth) | ||
| Deification | Jina (spiritual victor) 24 Tîrthankaras (saviour) - 1st, Âdinâtha - 23rd, Pârshvanâtha - 24th, Mahâvira |
Buddha (awakened one) Past 7 Buddhas (past 24 Buddhas) Future Buddha (Maitreya) Dhyani-Buddhas | ||
| Sects | Digambara (Sky-clad)
| Theravâda (way of the elders) Mahâyâna (greater vehicle) Vajrayâna (vehicle of diamond) |
| TIRTHANKARA (JINA) |
The founder of Jainism is Vardamana or Mahavira (Great Hero). But it is said that he is tha last Tirthankara or Jina (Victor) and the first one is Adinatha. Every Jain temple is dedicated to one of the 24 Tirthankaras. |
| Name of Tirthankara | Symbol & Complexion | |
| 1 | Rishabha (Adinatha) | Bull, Gold |
| 2 | Ajita (Ajiya) | Elephant, Gold |
| 3 | Shambava | Horse, Gold |
| 4 | Abinandana | Ape, Gold |
| 5 | Sumati | Curlew, Gold |
| 6 | Padmapraba (Paumappabha) | Lotus, Red |
| 7 | Suparshuva | Swastika mark, Gold |
| 8 | Chandraprabha (Chandappabha) | Crescent-moon, White |
| 9 | Suvidhi (Puspadanta) | Crocodile, White |
| 10 | Sitaranatha | Srivatsa mark, Gold |
| 11 | Shureyansa | Rhinoceros, Gold |
| 12 | Vaspujya | Buffalo, Red |
| 13 | Vimala | Boar, Gold |
| 14 | Ananta | Falcon, Gold |
| 15 | Dharma (Damma) | Thunderbolt, Gold |
| 16 | Shanti | Antelope, Gold |
| 17 | Kunthu | Goat, Gold |
| 18 | Ara | Nandyavarta mark, Gold |
| 19 | Malli | Water-jar, Blue |
| 20 | Suvrata | Tortoise, Black |
| 21 | Nami | Blue water-lily, Gold |
| 22 | Nemi (Aristanemi) | Conch shell, Black |
| 23 | Parshva (Pasa) | Serpent, Blue |
| 24 | Mahavira (Vardhamana) | Lion, Gold |
| Bibliography |
